What Is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which the kidneys are progressively damaged and can no longer filter excess fluid and toxins from the body effectively.
As kidney function declines, waste products accumulate in the blood — causing complications including heart disease, weaker bones, anaemia, breathlessness, and muscle cramps.
Because these problems develop gradually over many years, CKD is often only discovered at an advanced stage. Regular health screening is the most reliable way to detect it early — before it progresses to complete kidney failure, which requires either dialysis or a kidney transplant to sustain life.
Singapore residents with CKD can refer to the National Registry of Diseases Office report for data on incidence, prevalence, and survival trends from 2009 to 2018.
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease
The two most common causes of chronic kidney failure are diabetes and high blood pressure. Together they account for the majority of CKD cases.
Diabetes
When blood sugar levels are persistently elevated, they damage major organs over time — including the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of CKD globally.
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Elevated pressure against the walls of blood vessels causes progressive vascular damage. Poorly controlled hypertension can lead to strokes, heart attacks, and chronic kidney disease.
Other Risk Factors
Beyond diabetes and hypertension, several other factors increase the risk of developing CKD:
A Personalised Approach to CKD
Managing chronic kidney disease is rarely straightforward. Treatment varies significantly for each patient based on medical history, current conditions, stage of disease, lifestyle, and diet. A one-size-fits-all approach does not work.
Dr. Francisco Salcido-Ochoa provides specialist nephrology care with a strong focus on early detection, long-term monitoring, and personalised management — helping patients slow disease progression and protect their overall health and longevity.
Get Expert Advice on Chronic Kidney Disease
Dr. Francisco Salcido-Ochoa offers specialist nephrology consultations in Singapore and via international teleconsultation.
Book a Consultation